Public Law

In the above case the apostrophize was being asked to make up on the constitutionally saved conformity in effect(p)s of the Mi kmaq Indians in Nova Scotia with regard to their right to closure and sell number . avocation the purpose condition in this instance several(prenominal) different cardinal groups on the East and West keep filled equivalent rights . The accordance at the centre of the depicted object had been signed in Halifax Nova Scotia in 1760 . At the time of the sign of the accordance France and Britain were at war with each other and this pact represented a impertinent trammel between Britain and the Mi kmaq . As the Mi kmaq could no wideer depend on the accompaniment with France the new treaty had the toted gather of concedeing the Mi kmaq to be adequate to(p) to dear new sources of neces sities such as blankets , gunpowder and zest . Britain had the fortune of securing peace with a previously hostile rival . The alliance between Britain and Nova Scotia benefited Britain in the war against France . The run brought by Donald marshal relied upon the championship clause that had been inserted in the treaty which statedAnd I do further engage that we will non traffick , barter or Exchange whatever Commodities in any manner lighten with such persons or the managers of such Truck houses as shall be ap principaled or Established by His Majesty s regulator at Lunenbourg or Elsewhere in Nova Scotia or AccadiaThe head nous re thinked the treaty and reached the opinion that it was the intention of the British that the Mi kmaq should be allowed to unfold their turn tailing , angle and gathering lifestyle to vitiate them from becoming a burden on the everyday treasury . This was to be achieved by the creation of a series of truckhouses where the Mi kmaq coul d withdraw their goods to look at . The tr! uckhouses would operate at a detriment further Britain was prepargond to tolerate certain losses in their trade with the Mi kmaq for the purpose of securing and maintaining their friendship and reject their approaching trade with the French The treaty did not specifically destine a right to hunt and fish but the evaluate was prep ard to imply this into the agreement . If Britain had pass offd to asseverate on the Mi kmaq only profession with them there would take hold been no dispute over their continued right to hunt and fish . As Britain had stopped insisting on the grievous bodily harm trade between them it was open to debate as to whether the agree conditions should be allowed to remain in force . Some of the locate in this case were of the opinion that as the Mi kmaq had anomic the benefit of the treaty because they were allowed to trade freely . The majority close went in favour of the Mi kmaq . With umpire Mclachlin concluding that the Mi kmaq treaty righ t to fish and trade survived the discontinuance of the goop trading arrangement with the BritishThe ratiocination issueively meant that Marshall was entitled to continue hunting and fishing and that the Minister of Fisheries was infringing s35 of the constitution Act if they evince to stop the aboriginals from continuing their trade in this manner . The tourist court of justice did timber that regulations could be enacted to limit their treaty rights so capacious as the criteria for recognising aboriginal rights in a manner which could be justified by the test in R v Sparrow was kayoedlined . The test was discussed in 1996 in the condition of an aboriginal fishery as in the case of R v Gladstone . In this case the Supreme coquet of Canada prize the aboriginal right of a member of the Heiltsuk mint to catch and sell herring roe on kelp . The tribunal in this case extracted that the brass could necessitate such concomitantors as the quest of regional and economic fairness and the recognition on the diachronic relia! nce upon the fishery by non-aboriginal groupsA month aft(prenominal) the origin hear the Supreme court of justice of Canada dismissed an covering for a rehearing of the case . In coming to their decision they sensitive the reasoning behind their original decision . The motor youth hostel made the point that the rights of the treaty did not belong to an person-to-person but belonged to the local community as a unanimous . The court was in like manner quick to point out that their preliminary decision only established a right at a lower place the treaty in respect of fishing , hunting and traditional convention activities such as brutal berries and fruit . The court stated that any ex inclineed rendering of the term gathering so as to include log and minerals would birth to be heard separately from this issue The court too pointed out that the harvesting would be limited to the playing field traditionally utilise by the communityThe discrepancies highlighted by the two decisions argon very stripped . The bet on decision seeks to add clarity to the eldest decision but as the added criteria of change down the areas that they accepted would be covered by the treaty . In the original decision the court did not specifically state which areas of the treaty were back up . The decision was given in such a shady manner which could gull led the aboriginals to image the term gathering to include log and collecting fruit and wild berries . The second decision excellent this point and laid down the leading that the aborigines would endure to bring a separate action if they cute the court to consider whether such activities as this could be include at diffuse the ambit of the treatyIf I had been asked to decide n such amours I think I would guide take aftered the view of the mental test judge , and Madame Justice McLachlin , who were the nonage opinion in the first decision . It was their opinion that the removal of the restriction by Britain in respect of limiting trade between Britain! and Nova Scotia should also have the effect of relieving the aborigines of their right to rely on the treaty in respect of their rights to fish and hunt . The reason for my decision in this stylus is that the aim of the treaty when it was first initialised was to limit the trade between Nova Scotia and Britain . In return for the promise by the aborigines not to trade with anyone else their rights to hunting etc were saved by the treaty . By allowing the aborigines to trade with other countries as well as having their rights protected seems to be giving a double advantage to the aborigines that the in the first place treaty did not intendJudicial activism has been delineate in justice as the practice in the practice in the judicatory of defend or expanding individual rights through decisions that extend from established top executive or are fissiparous of or in emulation to supposed constitutional or legislative intent (Merriam-Webster s dictionary of Law , 1996 . It has also been defined as a ism of juridic decision-making whereby settle allow their personal views about public policy , among other factors , to take aim their decisions , usu . with the suggestion that adherents of this philosophy tend to find constitutional violations and are willing to slew precedent (B .A Garner , 1999 . Those who are in favour of juridic activism defend this on the grounds that some polices are vaguely worded , so the courts are forced to map them in ways which break through activist . By contrast juridical restraint is were the decide interpret the law narrowly and allow the legislative and executive branches to formulate political relation policyIn the case above the majority view was taken by the activist element of the workbench who allowed a wider translation of the treaty and so was originally mean . The effect of this was to make the treaty binding on Britain despite the fact that Britain were no interminable enforcing limitations on trade between the aborigines and Britain . If the ju! diciary had been operating under juridical restraint then the interpretation would have been that the treaty ceased to be binding once the restrictions on trading were elevate by BritainThose opposed to discriminative activism claim that it usurps the power of the legislative assembly and diminishes the rule of law and democracy . They feel that an unelected discriminative branch has no legitimate grounds to vacate policies that have been made by duly elected candidates . The opposers of activism also accept that democracy or the rule of law cannot cost when the law is what a judge says it should be . They feel that judges should be limited in their interpretation of the law and should try to follow the letter of the law as closely as possibleThose in favour of activism put forward the view that judicial activism exemplifies judicial review and that the courts must strike down any statute that violates the constitution , They feel that it is the duty of the courts to protect minority rights and remain the law and this can best be achieved by a flexible approach to the interpretation of the rules .

Proponents of activism feel that the judiciary should establish itself an expanded role and that there should be an gain in the powers which is not subject to an electorateIn Canada judges have the power to interpret the law handed down by the legislature . They also have the power to resolve disputes and to use usual law . Canada s legal system is derived from the British system of common law . The structure of the Canadian courts relies heavily on the finesse of the judges , policy an d common law . In this way judicial activism is much ! more obvious and apparent within the Canadian legal systemIt has been stated by the Supreme Court Justice of Canada stated thatthe charge of judicial activism may be understand as saying that judges are act a particular policy-making agenda , that they are allowing their political views to fall the outcome of cases before them . It is a serious matter to suggest that any branch of government is deliberately playacting in a manner that is inconsistent with its constitutional roleMuch reproval has been aimed at the judiciary in Canada specifically in likeness to rulings that have favoured the extension of the rights of gay people . In his carry HYPERLINK hypertext move out communications communications protocol / web .amazon .com /gp / harvest-home \o hypertext transfer protocol / vane .amazon .com /gp /product Against Judicial Activism : The line of descent of immunity And Democracy in Canada , Leishmann highlights the redefining of marriage to include said(prenominal ) charge up couples as an egregious example of judicial activism (R , Leishmann , 2006 . In his discussion he also examines many cases including the march Roderiguez case of the `right to die by assisted self-annihilation , the Surrey Borough Council case which allowed accession to gay-positive literature for pre-school and school aged children and Scott Brockie and Chris Kempling cases which raised(a) the issue of independence of religion against homosexual rights . He argues that it is heavy to allow the judiciary to have such power and that the Government should grow a backbone and stop this from happeningA recent judgment which declared the bulwark of private healthcare insurance as unconstitutional was judged by may to be a marked example of judicial activismThe conclusion that can be drawn from the above is that the festering of judicial activism could be dangerous as the judiciary are being allowed to gain greater powers then was ever intended for them to haveBi bliographyHYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /en .! wikipedia .org /w / power .php ?title crowd_B ._Kelly action frame \o James B . Kelly James B . Kelly , July 30 , 2006 . HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / vane .amazon .com /gp /product \o hypertext transfer protocol / web .amazon .com /gp /product Governing With the take up : Legislative And Judicial Activism And Framer s Intent (Law and Society Series ( HYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /w / superpower .php ?title UBC_ iron action ignore \o UBC adjure UBC Press PublishersHYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /w /index .php ?title Rory_Leishman action alter \o Rory Leishman Rory Leishman , whitethorn 2006 . HYPERLINK http /www .amazon .com /gp /product \o http /www .amazon .com /gp /product Against Judicial Activism : The Decline of license And Democracy in Canada ( HYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /McGill-Queen 27s_University_Press \o McGill-Queen s University Press McGill-Queen s University Press PublishersHYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .o rg /wiki /Kermit_Roosevelt_ ternion \o Kermit Roosevelt III Kermit Roosevelt , October 15 , 2006 . HYPERLINK http /www .amazon .com /gp /product \o http /www .amazon .com /gp /product The Myth of Judicial Activism : make sentiency of Supreme Court Decisions ( HYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Yale_University_Press \o Yale University Press Yale University Press Publishers , 272ppHYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /w /index .php ?title mugful_Sutherland action thin \o Mark Sutherland Mark Sutherland , 2005 . Judicial Tyranny : The new-fangled Kings of AmericaHYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Phyllis_Schlafly \o Phyllis Schlafly Phyllis Schlafly , 2004 . The Supremacists : The Tyranny Of Judges And How To Stop ItHYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /w /index .php ?title Stephen_P ._Powers action edit \o Stephen. Powers Stephen. Powers and HYPERLINK http /en .wikipedia .org /w /index .php ?title Stanley_Rothman action edit \o Stanley Rothman Stan ley Rothman , 2002 . The Least Dangerous Branch ? Con! sequences of Judicial Activism (Praeger backshttp /www .lawsonlundell .cahttp /www .lss .bc .cahttp /www .pch .gc .cahttp /www .scc-csc .gc .ca /aboutcourt /judges /speeches /DemocraticRoles_e .a sp ...If you want to take prisoner a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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